Classes of IP address Sr. # Class Range Bits Network/host Subnet mask 01 A 1-126 ...

Layers in the OSI model Physical layer The physical layer coordinates the function required to carry a bit stream over a physical medi...

Data link layer The data link layer transforms the physical layer, a raw transmission facility, to a reliable link. It makes the physica...

Network Layer The network layer is responsible for the source-to destination delivery of a packet, possibly across multiple networks (li...

TCP/IP PRTOCOL SUIT Physical and Data link Layer At the physical and data link layer, TCP/IP does not define any specific protocol. I...

Transport Layer The transport layer is represented in TCP/IP by two protocols, TCP and UDP. The IP is a host-to-host protocol; UDP and ...

IP Address At the network layer, we need to uniquely identify each device on the internet to allow global communication between all dev...

DNS (Domain Name System) The Domain Name System is a hierarchical distributed naming system for computers, services, or any resource co...

Classes and Blocks One problem with the classfull addressing is that each class is dividing into a fixed number of blocks with each blo...

Subnetting In subnetting, a network divides into several smaller networks with each subnetwork  having its own subnetworks. A portion o...