Network Devices

Protocols

A communication protocol is (Networking protocol) is a system of digital message formats and rules for exchanging messages in or between computing system and in telecommunications. A protocol may have a formal description. Protocol may include signaling, authentication and error detection and correction capability.

In a routing protocol, it specifies that how routers communicate with each other and with the other types of machines. Protocols are determines and enable the routes between the nodes on a computer network. Algorithms determine the specific choice of routing. A router has knowledge only the direct attached networks and a protocol shares information about the neighbors immediate and then throughout the network. A router can understand the network topology through the protocol. So we can say that a protocol is playing very important role in a network. Although, there are many types of protocols.

Types of protocols

There are many types of protocols for different purpose in networking.

Routing protocols

IS-IS, OSPF, IGRP and EIGRP, RIP, BGP,

Internet protocols

Application Layer

DHCP, DHCPv6, DNS, FTP, HTTP, IMAP, IRC, LDAP, MGCP, NNTP, BGP, NTP, POP, RPC, RTP, RTSP, RIP, SIP, SMTP, SNMP, SOCKS, SSH, Telnet, TLS/SSL, XMPP.

Transport Layer

 TCP, UDP, DCCP, SCTP, RSVP, TP-TCP, NC, MTP

Network Layer

IP(IPv4,IPv6), ICMP, ICMPv6, ECN, IGMP, IPSec, GGP.

Link Layer

The UDP is process to process protocol that adds only port address, check-sum error control and length information to the data from the upper layer.

The TCP provides full transport layer services to application. TCP is a reliable stream transport protocol. The term stream in this context means connection-oriented: a connection must be established between both ends of a transmission before either can transmit data.

The application layer in TCP/IP is equivalent to the combined session, presentation and application layer in the OSI model. Many protocols are defined at this layer.