Network Devices

Network Layer The network layer is responsible for the source-to destination delivery of a packet, possibly across multiple networks (li...

Classes and Blocks One problem with the classfull addressing is that each class is dividing into a fixed number of blocks with each blo...

Transport Layer The transport layer is represented in TCP/IP by two protocols, TCP and UDP. The IP is a host-to-host protocol; UDP and ...

Data link layer The data link layer transforms the physical layer, a raw transmission facility, to a reliable link. It makes the physica...

Application layer The application layer enables the user, whether human or software, to access the network. Application layer provides u...

Presentation layer The presentation layer is concerned with the syntax and semantics of the information exchange between two systems. Sp...

Session layer The services provided by the first four layers (physical, data link, network and transport) are not sufficient for some ...

IP Address At the network layer, we need to uniquely identify each device on the internet to allow global communication between all dev...

Classes of IP address Sr. # Class Range Bits Network/host Subnet mask 01 A 1-126 ...

Class full IP Addressing IP addressing, when started a few decades ago, used the concept of classes. This architecture is called class ...